Joint Preservation Using Orthobiologic Therapies in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is estimated to be the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder in the world. Estimates show that the disease is prevalent in 18% and 10% in women and men that are aged >60 years old. The quality of life of the affected patients can also be significantly impacted due to the associated morbidities and functional loss. Many interventions have been proposed to preserve the joint and enhance the functional outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different orthobiologic therapies for patients with osteoarthritis for joint preservation and subsequent improvement in the functional and pain outcomes. Variable modalities that have been proposed in the literature include Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC), gene therapy and platelet rich plasma (PRP). All of these modalities were reported with favorable outcomes and minimal complications. PRP has been reported to have a clinical efficacy that is boosed when co-administered with hyaluronic acid. However, it should be noted that the clinical efficacy is limited in the long term, and administration is continuously required. On the other hand, gene therapy is a promising technique that offers maintained favorable outcomes with no adverse events. However, further studies are still needed to indicate the effectiveness and cost-efficacy of this approach.